A climate-optimal supply chain for CO2 capture, utilization, and storage by mineralization

CO2 mineralization not only captures and stores permanently but also yields value-added products utilized in, for example, the cement industry. has been shown to potentially substantially reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Realizing mineralization's potential on a large scale requires a) solid feedstock, b) sources, c) low-carbon energy, d) markets products. In general, these four requirements of are satisfied at same location. Thus, assessment large-scale necessitates full supply chain considering all simultaneously. At present, neither GHG emissions reduction nor required achieve fully understood. our study, we design climate-optimal capture, utilization, storage (CCUS) by quantify in Europe. Our results show that CCUS could avoid up 130 Mt CO2e/year industrial Europe even with current energy system. By 2040, provide negative 136 CO2e/year. The can be provided either expanding infrastructure about 5 % or, more climate efficiently, building new infrastructure. critical steps toward achieving 1) scaling technology level 2) exploiting mineral deposits.